· Political
o Germany had a revolution and became democratic republic
o Stress of war led to revolution led to abdication of Kaiser
o Most ex-soldiers and civilians despised the new democratic leaders
· Social challenges
o 600 hundred thousand widows and 2 million children were left without their father
o Huge gaps between rich and poor
o Women were to go to work in factories many see this as damaging to family values
o German workers were bitter at the restrictions placed on their earnings during the war while the factory owners made vast fortunes from the war
· Economic challenge
o The national income was about 1/3 of what it was in 1913
o Industrial productions was about 2/3s of what it used to be in 1913
o The state was spending about one third of its budget in war pensions
· The impact of war
o Caused women to work
o Caused riots and even a kidnapping
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